Scale, Several kinds of this class of insects are injurious to Pear and 

 other trees, and various species have been described in the articles upon 

 the Apple, Olive, Orange, and Peach. One, however, is especially 

 troublesome to the Pear in America, and more especially in California, 

 where it is commonly known as the Pernicious Scale and San Jose Scale. 

 Scientifically it is known as Aspidiotus perrn'riosiw. This insect has been 

 found in New South Wales, but it is uncertain as to whether it has as yet 

 spread to any of the other colonies. The adult female Scale measures 

 about one-sixteenth of an inch in diameter, is circular, rather flat, and of 

 a grey colour. The male Scale is longer than the female, and much 

 darker in colour. This insect attacks the leaves and fruit, as also the 

 wood of the branches and trunk, It increases with great rapidity, and 

 sometimes three distinct broods are hatched in a season. The insects 

 also spread themselves quickly, and, if once introduced, will soon affect a 

 whole neighbourhood. Another specially troublesome species is the 

 Greedy, or White, Scale (A-8pidiotu& rapax), which particularly affects 

 the Pear, though it attacks many ether trees. It is about one-sixteenth 

 of an inch in diameter, gre}'- in colour, and more convex than the 

 Pernicious Scale. It is rather widely distributed throughout the 

 Australasian colonies. Remedies for all Scale insects : 1 . Kerosene 

 Emulsion. 2, Resin Compound. 3. Soap and Water applied hot. 

 Particulars as to the preparation and use of these remedies will be found 

 in the article upon Insecticides, page 98, volume 1. 



Thrips. Sometimes these minute insects attack the leaves of Pear 

 trees, and more especially late in the summer They seldom, however, 

 cause any material injury to the trees, though they are undesirable 

 visitors. For full description and remedies see page 85, volume 1. 



INJURIOUS FUNGI. 



The Pear, like most other trees, is liable to the attacks of various fungi, 

 some of which do a good deal of injury. 



Mildeiv. Though several fungi classed as Mildew more or less affect 

 Pear trees, yet, generally speaking, they are not very common, and do 

 not usually cause serious damage. Sometimes the young growth is 

 affected by a Powdery Mildew, which causes the foliage to shrivel, dry 

 up, and assume a brown appearance. Very commonly the effects of this 

 fungus is supposed to be Fire Blight, which is quite a different complaint. 

 Not unfrequently some form of Mildew may be found upon the roots of 

 trees that are unhealthy from various causes Mildew will also at times 

 appear upon mutilated roots Remedies : When the Mildew T is upon the 

 leaves or branches, 1. Ammoniacal Solution of Copper Carbonate. 2. 

 Bluestone and Sodium Carbonate. When the Mildew is at the roots 

 those affected should be cut away when practicable, and a dressing of 

 lime applied to the soil. Watering the ground with a solution of Sulphate 

 of Iron will also prove serviceable. For full particulars as to the 

 preparation and use of the remedies named see article upon Fungicides, 

 page 98, volume 1. 



Pear Scab. This fungus, which is also known as the Pear Blight, is 



