Showing effect upo.i Foliage and Fruit. 



very widely distributed throughout the Australasian colonies, and causes 

 a vast amount of injury. The fungus is known to botanists as Fusicladiiim 

 pyrinum, and is very closely allied to the species that causes the Apple 

 Scab. In fact, some authorities consider them to be identical, though 

 diifering slightly in form. The fungus makes its appearance early in the 

 season in the form of dark green spots or patches upon the leaves, fruit, 

 and young shoots. These spots in time turn grey or brown, crack, and 

 dryup, leaving holes in the leaves. When the young fruit is attacked, it 

 either falls from the trees or cracks and shrivels up, and is worthless. If 

 attacked at a later stage, the Pears may reach maturity, but they will 

 have unsightly scars , and are often drawn out of their proper shapes. 

 Remedies and preventatives : 1. Burn the leaves from affected trees to 

 the extent that is practicable. 2. Bordeaux Mixture. 3. Ammonia 

 Carbonate of Copper. 4. Eau Celeste. Full directions for preparing 

 and using these remedies will be found at page 98, volume 1. 



DISEASES. 



Canker. Pear trees are often affected by various forms of Canker, 

 which frequently make their appearance without apparent causes. Some- 

 times it appears at the roots, at others upon the branches, and, again, it 

 may attack the sterns. Canker may be produced by excess, or lack, of 

 moisture at the roots, or follow as a result of mutilation, and the attacks 

 of insects or fungi. It may be caused by the roots penetrating into a 

 bad subsoil, the use of rank or over-stimulating manures, and various 

 other causes. For the fullest information as to this obscure disease see 

 article upon Canker, page 03, volume 1. 



