365 



Another way of doing without stakes is to tie the canes to those of 

 the adjoining" plant, as shown by the illustration. Trellising is often 

 practised, but it is better adapted for cold regions than others. The 

 advantages of this system are that when the canes arc spread out the 

 fruit is more fully exposed to the light and nir, and that, consequently, 

 it ripens sooner, more regularly, and has a more perfect flavour than 

 when the plants are bundled up to single stakes. On the other hand, 

 however, in regions where the sun has great power the spreading out 

 of the canes and foliage adds to the risk of scorching, which often 

 muses injury to the crops. The ordinary way of trellismg i s to place 

 stakes along the rows at intervals of Ten or twelve feet to support 

 battens or wilts, to which the canes must he tied, spreading them 

 out so as to cover the spaces as regularly as possible. Another mode 

 of spreading- out the growth is to place stakes about two feet from 

 the plants on either side in the rows and tie a portion of the canes to 

 each, as shown by the illustration. Raspberries may also sometimes 

 be trained upon walls or fences with advantage, and more especially 

 in shaded situations, where the crops will be serviceable through 

 being later than when grown under ordinary conditions. 



PROPAGATION. 



Raspberries may be propagated by seeds, cuttings, layers, and 

 suckers. Seed is seldom used, and only for raising neAv varieties. 

 i i should be saved from the finest berries, fully ripened, and ought 

 to be sown in the autumn or early spring. It should be soAvn in rich 

 soil, covering it to the depth of an eighth of an inch. It is better to 

 sow in pots, boxes, or frames, as more attention can he given than in 

 the open ground. When the young plants are about two inches high 

 they should be transplanted into small beds about six inches apart. 

 They will usually fruit the second year, but sometimes not till the 

 third. Plants are readily propagated by cuttings or layers, but these 

 methods are but little practised. The most common method of 

 pi'Opagation is by suckers, which are freely produced and have merely 

 t.o be removed from the parent plants. In the case of new or choice 

 varieties, which are wanted to increase quickly, the object can be 

 readily attained by planting pieces of the iv.ots in rieh soil. 



INJURIOUS INS KOTS. 



J/>//./V/fx. ---Various insect pests attack the Kaspberry, though it, 

 perhaps, suffers from them to a less extent than many other fruits. 

 Aphides of various kinds often attack the foliage soon after growth 

 Commences or later on in the early summer, causing more or less 

 injury. When these insects make their appearance it will be 

 advisable to promptly spray or syringe Ihe plants with some liquid 

 remedy. Full particulars respecting these insects and the remedies 

 for them will be found at page 77, volume I. A kindred insect, 

 roinmonlv known as the Flea-louse (F*f/H(f frif'nctt<') r also causes 



