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^cultivating the Walnut family. There are several other species, but in 

 most cases they have little to distinguish them from those named : 



American Butter Nut (Jtiglans Cine, area). This is a North American 

 species which grows to a height of fifty or sixty feet. The Nuts are 

 much indented, and have pointed ends. They are palatable, and yield a 

 large proportion of oil, which is of excellent quality when freshly 

 extracted, but it is apt to become rancid in a short time if exposed to the 

 air. The wood of this species is very durable, not liable to split or warp, 

 or to the attacks of insects. It is in great request in America by 

 coachbuilders, turners, and others for purposes where strength and 

 durability are essentials. The bark, leaves, and fruit husks of this species 

 .are used medicinally in America, and an extract from the inner bark is 

 considered to be a mild laxative. The American Butter Nut will thrive 

 under the same conditions as the English Walnut. 



Black Walnut (Jiiglan* iiiyra). This is another North American 

 species, .vhich in its native regions attains a height of seventy or eighty 

 feet. The Nuts have thicker shells than, and are not equal in quality to, 

 the English Walnuts, but they contain a much larger proportion of oil, 

 which is of good quality. The wood is tough, strong, durable, and not 

 liable to either warp or split. In colour it is a reddish-brown, and 

 ^becomes darker with age. As the wood of the Black Walnut is fine- 

 grained and takes a good polish it is in great demand by American, and 

 also European, cabinetmakers, and is also extensively used for gun-stocks. 

 This species grows somewhat more rapidly than the English Walnut, and 

 will thrive under the same conditions. 



Chinese Walnut. This is a robust tree indigenous to Central and 

 Eastern Asia, known botanically as Juglans stenocarpa (Pteroc<tr//a 

 stenoptera}. It bears large thin-shelled Nuts that are well flavoured. 

 The timber is valuable, and it is also a fine ornamental tree. 



English Walnut (Common Walnut, Juglans regia). This species will, 

 under favourable conditions, attain a height of from eighty to a hundred 

 feet, and an age of several hundred years. The wood is tough, fine- 

 grained, and much used for gun-stocks, superior furniture, and in the 

 manufacture of pianos. The Nuts are popular for the dessert and largely 

 used for oil. 



There are several cultivated varieties, which differ materially in some 

 cases in size of the trees and Nuts, flavour, earliness, and lateness. The 

 more noteworthy of these are as follows : 



Cluster. An excellent English variety that bears its fruit in long 

 bunches or clusters, hence the name. These clusters generally consist of 

 ;a dozen or more, the Nuts being of medium size and well flavoured. 

 Tree robust, hardy, arid prolific. 



Dwarf Prolific (Early Bearing, Fertile, Prceparturiens}. A French 

 variety of but moderate growth that commences to bear while the trees 

 are quite young, and for this reason alone it is a desirable kind. The 

 Nuts are of a good size, and have well-flavoured kernels. Tree hardy and 

 very prolific, but is not dwarf in habit of growth in the ordinary sense of 

 the term. This kind has the reputation of reproducing itself true from 

 .seed, but the plants cannot be absolutely depended upon. 



