26 AGRICULTURE. 



DETERMINATION OF THE AGE OP FARM 

 ANIMALS BY THEIR TEETH. 



(U. S. Department of Agriculture.) 



Horse. — The horse has 24 temporary teeth. The male 

 has 40 permanent teeth, the female 36 or 40. The smaller 

 number is more usual in females, due to the lack of the tusks. 

 The temporary teeth consist of 12 incisors and 12 molars; 

 the 4 center front teeth, 2 above and 2 below, are called 

 pinchers ; the next 4 are called intermediate or lateral, and 

 the next 4 corner teeth. The permanent teeth consist of 12 

 incisors, 4 tusks, and 24 molars. The dental star is a 

 yellowish ring appearing next the enamel on the table or 

 crown of the tooth. The following table shows approxi- 

 mately the changes of the teeth with age : 



3 to 10 days: Temporary pinchers and 3 molars cut. 



40 to 60 days : Temporary intermediates or laterals cut. 



6 to 9 months : Temporary corner teeth cut. 



19 to 25 months : Leveling of temporary corner teeth. 

 '^\ to 3 years: Pinchers replaced by permanent teeth. 

 3^ to 4 years : Intermediates or laterals replaced. 



4 to 4I years : Tusks cut. 



4^ to 5 years : Corner teeth replaced. 



5 to 6 years : Leveling of lower pinchers. 



7 years : Leveling of permanent intermediates. 



8 years : Dental star and notches in pinchers. 



9 years : Dental star in intermediates. 



10 years : Dental star in corner teeth. 



Cattle. — Cattle have 20 temporary and 32 permanent teeth. 

 The temporary are 8 incisors in the lower jaw and 12 

 molars. The permanent teeth are 8 incisors and 24 molars. 

 Cattle have no incisors in the upper jaw. The table for 

 cattle is as follows : 



At birth : Temporary incisors appear. 



5 to 6 months : Teeth decayed on border. 



6 to 7 months : Leveling of pinchers. 



12 months : Leveling of first intermediates. 



15 months : Leveling of the second intermediates. 



j8 months : Intermediate incisors become stumps. 



