AGRICULTURAL EKGINEERIIs^G. 



157 



IMPORTANCE OF GOOD ROADS. 



It is estimated that it costs a farmer more to haul a bushel of 

 wheat than it does a railroad to haul a ton ; that our poor roads 

 cost the farmer at least $15.00 a year for every horse, and that 

 good earth roads would save more than half the cost of hauling, 

 and good permanent roads more than three quarters of it. 



(GiLMORB.) 



Force Required to Draw a Load on Different Kinds of Roads. 



TRACTIVE FORCE REQUIRED FOR CARRIAGES 



of one ton, on a level road. (McConnell.) 



Force of Trac- 

 Description of Road. tion per Ton. 



1. On rails 8 lbs. 



2. Well-made pavement 33 ** 



3. Macadamized road 44 to 67 " 



4. Turnpike, hard and dry 68 " 



5. " dirty 88 " 



6. Hard compact loam 119 



7. Gravel 150 " 



8. Sandy and gravelly 210 " 



g. Ordinary by-road 237 " 



ID. Turnpike, newly-gravelled 320 



II. Loose sandy road 457 " 



A horse produces his greatest mechanical effect in drawing a 

 load 2\ miles per hour with a tractive force of 150 lbs. 



