DAIRY COWS. 191 



were they added, would doubtless much increase these 

 averages. Lest some reader may assume that a part of 

 this enormous export must have been oleomargarine or ar- 

 tificial butter, it is well to add that no such products were 

 known in Friesland at that date. 



According to U. S. Consular Reports on Cattle and Dairy 

 Farming, the amount of butter imported from Holland into 

 Great Britain in 1877 was 41,679,085 lbs. ; in 1884, of cheese, 

 65,994,544 lbs. The import of butter for 1877 rather than 

 for 18S4 is quoted, because the former date was " before 

 oleomargarine had become an industry in that country,"* 

 Netherlands, the country we call Holland, has eleven prov- 

 inces of a total area of 12,597 sq. miles. The two dairy 

 provinces are North Holland and Friesland with a total 

 area of 2303 sq. miles. There is no question that the bulk 

 if not all of these vast imports came from these two prov- 

 inces. The significance of these statistics is best seen by 

 a comparison, Oneida and Herkimer, two adjoining dairy 

 counties in the State of New York, have about the same area 

 as the two dairy provinces of Holland. The whole of the 

 United States and Canada furnished Great Britain, in 1884, 

 17,440,416 lbs, butter and 109,333,280 lbs. cheese. The Hol- 

 stein-Friesian breed is exclusively used in North Holland 

 and Friesland. With these statistics before him the reader 

 may safely be left to draw his own conclusions. 



As to the characteristics of this breed the most important 

 one is indicated by such statistics. To the casual observer 

 the color may appear more striking. This is variegated in 

 distinct markings. The American herd-books receive only 

 black-and-white to entry. The European herd-books receive 

 red-and-white, gray-and-white, and mouse-colored-and- 

 white ; but the great bulk of their entries are black-and- 

 white. The structure of the breed is also an important 

 characteristic. This is best shown by measurements. The 

 average measurements of full-age cows (those five years old 

 and upwards) received to the fourth volume of the Holstein- 

 Friesian Advanced Register were as follows : Height at 



* U. S. Consular Reports [i836]— Cattle and Dairy Farming, p. i|. 



