196 DAIRYING. 



yield of butter fat, 260.5 lbs., or of butter, 303.9 lbs. (see 

 p. 244). In maintaining his herd he adheres to the following 

 requirements: 



" Size: About loco pounds at maturity, this size having 

 been found to give the best results in this locality, and 

 being of sufficient size to please buyers, either for breeding 

 or to sell in Brighton as milk cows. 



" Color: Dark red with white patches — about one-fourth 

 white being preferred. This gives a wonderfully attractive 

 and lively look to a herd of cows, grouped or moving. 

 Then, too, I have thought cows of this color were tougher 

 and gave yellower milk and butter. 



" Style: Small head and horns, slim neck, straight back, 

 sharp shoulders, wide on the loin; large, shapely hind 

 quarters; long, slim tail; udder extending well forward 

 and back, well up under belly; teats long, of equal length, 

 well spread; large milk veins. 



"Disposition: Quiet and pleasant." — W.] 



V. Shorthorns as Dairy Cows. 



By J. H. PicKRELL, Springfield, 111., Secretary American Shorthorn Breed- 

 ers' Association. 



Away back in the early history of this country, there 

 were occasionally cows imported from England. Buffalo 

 and wild game were abundant for meat, but milk, butter, 

 and cheese did not come that way. 



As creatures of circumstances, cows were in demand. 

 Soon after the Revolutionary War, cattle that were pure- 

 bred Shorthorns were imported into Virginia, and after- 

 wards, in 1797, found their way into Kentucky. The cows 

 were said to be great milkers, and are reported to have 

 given as much as 32 quarts of milk per day, and were 

 called by the natives " the milk breed." Later importa- 

 tions with more particular reference to their beef qualities 

 were made, but, in spite of all that had been fed into them 

 with that end in view, many of the cows developed into 

 remarkably heavy milkers, and were very noted for their 

 large yield of a good quality of milk. 



The late L. F. Allen, in his history of "American Cat- 

 tle," published in 1S6S, says: " We have numerous well- 



