MILK. 237 



8.5 X 100 

 100 — = 5.6, will give the per cent of extraneous 



water in the suspected sample of milk. 



II. Watering of milk may also be expressed in per cent 

 of water added to the original milk, by formula IV : 



Per cent water added to original milk 



100 X leg. stand, for solids not fat 



(IV) 



100 X 9 

 In the example given above, — 100 = 5.9 per cent 



8.5 

 of water was added to the original milk. 



Watering and Skimming. — If a sample has been both 

 watered and skimmed, the extent of watering is ascertained 

 by means of formula III ; and the fat abstracted found ac* 

 cording to the following formula : 



Per cent fat abstracted 



, , , leg. stand, for solids not fat , .,^. 

 = ;»: = leg. stand, for fat X/. (V) 



Example. — A sample of milk contains 2.4 per cent of fat 



and 8.1 per cent solids not fat; then 



8.1 X 100 



extraneous water in milk = 100 = 10 per cent; 



9 



Q X 2.4 

 fat abstracted = 3 5 = -33 per cent. 



o. I 



100 lbs. of the milk contained 10 lbs. of extraneous water 

 and .33 lb. of fat had been skimmed from it. 



\ RANGES OF THE VARIATIONS IN THE COM- 

 POSITION OF HERD MILK. (Fleischmann.) 



The specific gravity (expressed in degrees) may go above 

 or below the yearly average by more than 10 per cent. 



The per cent of fat may go above or below the yearly 

 average by more than 30 per cent. 



The per cent of total solids may go above or below the 

 yearly average by more than 14 per cent. 



The per cent of solids not fat may go above or below the 

 yearly average by more than 10 per cent. 



