340 GEKtlliAL TOPICS. 



batting. Equal parts of limewater and linseed oil may be 

 applied, and the burn covered with cotton. It is impor- 

 tant in burns to apply a dressing that will exclude the air. 

 In large burns there is always severe shock: treat this 

 as directed below. 



Shock. — When a person has been severely injured or 

 badly frightened, there follows a condition of the system 

 which is known as shock. A person suffering from shock 

 generally becomes pale, cold, faint, and trembling with a 

 small weak pulse. The mind is dull and the person looks 

 anxious and distressed. Sometimes the person is excited 

 and restless. 



Treatment. — Let the person rest in a quiet cheerful 

 place. If he is little injured, tell him so calmly. If the 

 injury is severe, and there is pain, broken bones, bleeding, 

 etc., you must still be calm, cheerful, and helpful. Give a 

 tablespoonful (2 or 3, if a drinker) of whiskey in water every 

 quarter or half hour. Wrap him in warm blankets and 

 lay hot water bottles around him. If there is much pain, 

 give 10 drops of laudanum. In case of bleeding, open 

 wounds, or broken bones, treat them as directed. A flushed 

 face and fever show that the patient is reviving and does 

 not need hot-water bottles or whiskey. Never let an in- 

 jured person be surrounded by a crowd of people. 



Hemorrhage or Bleeding always occurs after an in- 

 jury. It is the result of the tearing or cutting off of the 

 blood-vessels. A person suffering from hemorrhage either 

 internal or external is pale, faint, with feeble pulse. 



Treatmejit. — Keep the person quiet. If the bleeding 

 comes from a wound in the upper or lower limbs, it will 

 5top by raising the limb up above the rest of the body. 

 Tie clean cloths tightly over the sore. If the blood comes 

 in spurts, tie a rope or handkerchief tightly around limb 

 alcove cut nearest to body. If bleeding is slight, it will 

 stop by tying clean cloths tightly over the cut. Ice may 

 be applied over the bleeding vessels. Clean cloths wrung 

 out of water as hot as hands can bear is often effective. 



Never use cobwebs, tobacco juice, or other filthy things 

 to stop bleeding. If a person spits or coughs up red frothy 



