152 



AGRICULTURE. 



MINIMUM AMOUNT OF FARMYARD MANURE 



required to rejilace the Ingredients abstracted from 

 the Soil by an Acre of Different Crops. (McConnell.) 



Wheat 5 tons. 



Barley 5 



Oats 5 



Meadow hay 8 



Red clover I2 



Beans lo 



Turnips 15 tons. 



Swedes 10 



Mangolds 20 



Potatoes 10 



Cabbage 25 



Carrots 10 



AMOUNT AND QUALITY OF MANURE PRODUCED 



BY STOCK. 



The various classes of farm animals will produce about 

 the following quantities of solid and liquid manure during 

 a year, viz.: 



Solid Manure. Liquid Manure 



Horse 12,000 lbs. 3,000 lbs. 



Cow 20,000 " 8,000 " 



Sheep 760 " 380 " 



Pig 1,800 " 1,200 *' 



Since a considerable portion of the manure is lost while 

 the animal is working or is out-doors, the quantities secured 

 in the manure-pile will not come up to these figures. 



The quantities of urine voided by farm animals during 

 twenty-four hours are on the average as follows, accord- 

 ing to Wilckens : cows, 15-20 lbs.; horses, 20-27 lbs.; 

 sheep, 2 lbs.; swine, 7-9 lbs. The capacity for liquid 

 manure-tanks or cisterns intended to hold the fluid excre- 

 ments of a herd of a certain size may readily be calculated 

 on a basis of these figures (see tables on p. 182), 6000 lbs. 

 (about 720 gallons) of urine per 1000 lbs. live weight of 

 cattle, is a liberal estimate. 



The quality of the manure produced will depend on the 

 character of the feeding and the kind of stock kept. Rich 

 feeding produces a rich manure, since, as shown in the 

 table given below, only a relatively small portion of the 

 valuable fertilizing ingredients of the food is retained in 



