168 AGRICULTURE. 



been calculated for ditches having sides with slopes of one foot 

 horizontal to one foot vertical, but are approximately correct 

 for other slopes. 



The capacity of the ditches has been made as follows, the 

 ditches to run not more than 8-10 full for the capacities men- 

 tioned : 



Above the upper heavy line, f in. depth of water per 24 hours. 



Between the heavv lines, h in. depth of water per 24 hours. 



Below the lower heavy line, \ in. depth of water per 24 hours. 



Local conditions may vary the size needed, and it is necessary 

 to consult a drainage engineer in each case. 



ADVICE TO LAND OWNERS ABOI T TO CONSTRUCT 

 DRAINS. (AsHB..\uGH.) 



1. Employ a reliable drainage engineer to make surveys, and 

 plan your system of drainage. Otherwise you are very liable 

 to throw away part of your money. 



2. Require from your drainage engineer a complete map or 

 plat of your drains, showing the e.xact location, sizes, grades, and 

 depths. Remember that your drains will be out of reach (except 

 at much cost and trouble) after they are covered. 



3. Make your drains of ample size. Drains which are too 

 small fail when you need them most, in wet seasons. 



4. Put your tile down to a good depth. Other ise they will 

 not draw well to any considerable distance. Make them four 

 feet deep in the lowest ground if possible. The extra cost of 

 good depth is small in proportion to the total cost. 



5. Have your drainage engineer inspect the work during 

 construction and test the grades of the dr ins and see that the 

 work is well done. Many tile become choked with mud because 

 not laid true. 



6. Be sure to protect the outlet. Build a bulkhead wall of 

 brick or stone to hold the end. Also use a piece of iron pipe at 

 the end, if tile is not too large, or for large drains use a few feet 

 of sewer -pipe cemented. 



7. If you are obliged to construct an open ditch, make it 

 at least five to seven feet deep, if possible, to give good outlets 

 tor tile, and to avoid choking up. 



