378 GEis"ERAL TOPICS, 



the healing of a wound by putting pitch, tobacco juice. 

 " healing ointments," liniments, or other filth into it. 



Broken or Mangled Ijinibs should be supported by 

 temporary splints, made from boards, pasteboard, shingles, 

 etc. Put one on each side of the limD and tie on with 

 handkerchief or bandages. The splints should be long 

 enough to support entire limb. 



Burns and Scalds — If the burn is extensive, place the 

 person in a bath of lukewarm water, keep the body im- 

 mersed up to the chin, see that the water is kept warm; 

 patient may be left in bath indefinitely. If the burn is not 

 large, but painful, cover the burnod surface with a thick 

 layer of flour, powdered starch, zinc ointment, or cotton 

 batting. Equal parts of limewater and linseed oil may be 

 applied, and the burn covered with cotton. It is impor- 

 tant in burns to apply a dressing that will exclude the air. 

 In large burns there is always severe shock: treat this 

 as directed below. 



Shock. — When a person has been severely injured or badly 

 frightened, there follows a condition of the nervous system 

 which is known as shock. A person suffering from shock 

 generally becomes pale, cold, faint, and trembling, with a small 

 weak pulse. The mind is dull and the person looks anxious and 

 distressed. Sometimes the person is excited and restless. 



Treatment. — Let the person rest in a quiet cheerful 

 place. If he is little injured, tell him so calmly. If the 

 injury is severe, and there is pain, broken bones, bleeding, 

 etc., you must still be calm, cheerful, and helpful. Give a 

 tablespoonful (2 or 3, if a drinker) of whiskey in water every 

 quarter or half hour. Wrap him in warm blankets and 

 Liy hot water bottles around him. If there is much pain, 

 give ID drops of laudanum. In case of bleeding, open 

 wounds, or broken bones, treat them as directed. A flushed 

 face and fever show that the patient is reviving and does 

 not need hot-water bottles or whiskey. Never let an in- 

 jured person be surrounded by a crowd of people. 



Pain is frequently relieved by the adjustment and support of 

 mangled limbs, by protecting exposed open wounds, burns, 

 bruises, etc., with clean gauze dressings. Morphin \ grain, or 

 20 drops of laudanum, or i grain of opium can be given if pain 



