n 



sap-\ cssels were entirely cut asunder at 

 the fountain head, by removing a tree 

 after it has grown ten or more years in 

 the same ground, where its roots have 

 extended to a very considerable distance, 

 and the fibres, the only part lit to take 

 up nourishment in any quantity, lopped 

 entirely from the main roots ; and that 

 this tree is, in its stumped state, stuck 

 into a hole, probably of clay or stiff soil, 

 just large enough to hold the roots in, the 

 soil hlled into the hole, and this perhaps 

 in old pastures, where the herl3age is 

 left to grow quite round the stem of the 

 tree, and where it is left for sheep and 

 cattle to rub against the stem, by which 

 means the tree is liable to be shaken 

 irom its position, and the pores of the 

 bark quite filled by the oil and filth of 

 their coats. Or, if planted in arable land, 

 it is left to sutler every time the plough' 

 passes, the geer of that implement to be 

 continually ratthng against the stem ; 

 and a heavy crop of grain, perhaps 

 wheat, growing closely round it, not 

 only robbing the soil of that nourishment 

 B 6 



