CONTENTS 



CHAPTER PAGE 



I. INTRODUCTORY i 



II. CHARACTERISTICS, STRUCTURE AND LIFE OF 



TREES 5 



Structure 6 



Growth and Form Development 8 



Physiological Points 17 



Ecological Points 21 



Recuperative Capacity 26 



III. DISEASE .\ND death OF TREES. GENERALITIES 29 



Old Age 30 



General Cause of Disease 32 



Fungus Diseases 36 



Insect Damage 44 



IV. DIAGNOSING DISEASES 51 



Insect Damage 53 



Fungus and B.-^cterl^xl Diseases 55 



Physiological Diseases 56 



Effect of Soil Conditions 57 



Atmospherical Influences 63 



Obnoxious Gases 68 



Electric Currents 71 



Light Conditions 73 



Mechanical Injuries 74 



V. CONTROL OF PHYSIOLOGICAL DISEASES AND 

 TREATMENT OF MECHANICAL INJURIES.— 



GENERAL CARE OF TREES 76 



Soil Improvement 77 



Fertilizing 79 



Points in Grading 80 



Pruning and Trimming 83 



M.anner of Operation 87 



C.-VLLUSING and REPAIRING 9 1 



Specific Rules 98 



Pruning for Balance 98 



