Ii8 General Care of Trees 



from a thorn bush -arranged somewhat loosely about the 

 tree trunk ... as on the streets of Fontainebleau. The 

 next in order of simplicity, perhaps, is the jacket of pine 

 poles seen often in Berlin. These poles are fastened to- 

 gether by means of wire and ma}- be easil}- remo\'ed when 

 desired. They are cheap and efficient, and not so conspicuous 

 as the wooden box so well known in America. In Frank- 

 furt, jacket guards for young trees on retired streets are made 

 of willow branches w^oven into tall tapering basket-like form*, 

 quite unique in appearance. In Bonn, the fine old Horse- 

 chestnut trees of Poppelsdorf AUee are protected in situ- 

 ations exposed to passing vehicles with shafts of stone 

 planted about the tree at a little distance from its base. 

 These shafts are columns of basalt, brought from the north 

 bank of the Rhine. 



"In Washington and many other cities, the most common 

 tree guard is an elongated box made of narrow boards, 

 which encloses the stem of the tree up to a distance of five 

 feet or more from the ground. The box guard is easily 

 made and very efficient. In London, the young trees are 

 protected ^^dth wire netting, which is removed as the trees 

 grow older, except in the case of those having tender bark; 

 and on London streets, where iron guards are used, the 

 trunk often had the additional protection of a wire covering. 



''The best guards are made of iron, and, although some- 

 what expensive, are widely used, especially in Europe. In 

 Paris and London, they are generally employed; in Frank- 

 furt and Berlin, they are used on the busier streets; while 

 in Antwerp, Bonn, and Cologne, they are being introduced 

 with the trees recently planted. Unless city trees are under 

 municipal control, the styles of iron guards are likely to be 

 very varied and often cheap and ineftlcient. In Paris, they 

 are contracted for bv weight as well as measurement and 



