specific Pests 163 



lime (about the middle of May) , to prevent the ascent of the 

 caterpillar during the feeding season, and finally a strong 

 arsenate of lead spray (five pounds to fifty gallons) may be 

 applied when the leaves are full grown and the caterpillars 

 still young. 



Carpenter Moth. Various species of moths known by 

 this name infest in their larval stage various species of trees, 

 boring large holes and galleries into the wood. 



The oak-carpenter, although rare, is especially injurious, 

 its rose-colored larva honeycombing the living wood as 

 well as the cut wood of Oak and Black Locust; the worms 

 remain two or three years in the wood before developing 

 into the moth, which is of gray color, flying in June or 

 July. 



The remedies usually appHed for borers may be used in 

 this case, namely, covering the trunk with soft soap to pre- 

 vent the oviposition in early June, or applying bisulphide 

 in the holes, or else digging out the worms. 



Spiny Elm Caterpillar, Mourning-cloak or Antiopa. A 

 common, beautiful, large butterfly, purpled brown or black, 

 with a broad cream-colored border and a row of pale blue 

 spots. The black, spiny caterpillars, white-speckled, and 

 with a row of eight dark brick-red spots, feed gregariously, 

 making light webs in their path. They are sometimes, in 

 limited colonies, very destructive to the foliage, especially 

 of the elm, birch, basswood, and the various poplars. It is 

 interesting, in that the butterfly hibernates and appears 

 sometimes as early as March, making two broods in the 

 season; the first brood appears in May, June, or July, the 

 second in August. The eggs are laid in clusters encircling 

 the twigs; the gray-brown, spiny chrysahs, hanging from 

 fence rails, stumps, or other support is characteristic. 



Spraying is the best remedy, or else shaking down the 



