Dogwoods 281 



to silvery underneath. It thrives best on well-drained soils, is easily 

 handled and free from insect troubles. It may be used very satisfac- 

 torily for its early flower effect in front of conifers and grouped with 

 shrubs or other small trees on woodland edges. Its color effect being 

 very strong, it is best combined with early bloomers of lighter color. 



The European C. Siliquasirum Linn. (189), and the Japanese C. 

 Sinensis Bunge. (190) (Japonica), the latter more shrub-like, are less 

 hardy and have hardly any superior points except that they bear larger 

 and more profuse flowers. 



Chionanthus. C. Virginica Linn. (191), Fringe Tree, is a small, 

 slender tree, often shrub-like, native from Pennsylvania south, but in 

 sheltered positions hardy north to Ottawa. Its large, deep-green and 

 glossy, magnolia-like leathery foliage (unfortunately late in leafing out) 

 and an abundance of long drooping panicles of delicate white, pe- 

 culiarly shaped, lace-like flowers (^lay, June), constitute its ornamental 

 value. It is free from insects and fungus diseases, and adaptive to 

 most soils, but prefers moist ones. For borders of groups and in single 

 specimens, or among garden shrubs, it is satisfactory material. 



DOGWOODS 



Cornus. Some thirty species, small trees and shrubs and perennial 

 herbs, of wide distribution, and mostly hardy and frugal. Many of 

 them are attractive in flower, foliage, and fruit. They are very com- 

 pact, bushy, and shade-enduring, indeed are preferably grown in the 

 shade, and in northern localities in protected places. They are adap- 

 tive to soils and free from insects, except a scale. They are primarily 

 used for large border plantings in coarse naturalistic arrangement, and 

 for color effect in winter and early spring. Many of them having vari- 

 ously colored branches, they especially lend themselves for winter 

 effects. 



C.florida Linn. (192), Flowering Dogwood, mainly of southern dis- 

 tribution, but hardy into Canada, a tree rarely over thirty feet, very 

 spreading, apple-tree-like in habit, is the earliest and most luxuriant 

 bloomer, its large greenish-white flowers appearing before any foliage 

 is out. The foliage, crowded to the ends of the twigs, is made of rather 

 broad shining leaves. With its brilliant crimson to dark red foliage 

 and its scarlet-red berries, it makes fine autumn effects. It is specially 



