288 Trees for Shade and Ornament 



shrub form and much branched. Neither of them appears to be 

 quite hardy north of New York. 



For more southern ])lanting also, the native shrub or tree, /. vomitoria 

 Ait. (216), Cassene, may be mentioned. 



The deciduous-leaved, native hollies, which hardly remind one in 

 their foliage of the evergreens, are all shrubs, of value by virtue of their 

 bright red fruit, for early winter effects (7. verticillata Gray (217), 

 monticola Gray (218), IcBvigata Gray (219) ), or for their glossy, leathery 

 leaves (/. glabra Gray (220), decidua Walt. (221), Cassine Dahoon 

 (222) ), and are hardy. 



Liquidambar. L. styraciflua Linn. (223), Red Gum, Sweet Gum, 

 Bilsted, is a tall, bulky tree, native from Connecticut to Texas, and 

 hardy. It is of conical, symmetrical, regular outline, rather open 

 coarse branch habit, with large, star-shaped, glossy leaves resembling 

 the maple, turning brilliant purple to scarlet with yellow tints, and 

 with interesting ball-like sharp-pointed pendulous fruit hanging on 

 through winter. The gray corky-winged bark of the sturdy branches 

 and the reddish-black deeply fissured bark of the trunk add to the win- 

 ter effect. It is a most ornamental tree, free from insects, easily handled, 

 moderately shade-enduring, and giving a pleasing shade; of moderately 

 rapid growth. It is fit for use in formal landscape, and for shade. 



MAGNOLIA 



This family contains two genera with a large number of species, 

 mainly of southern distribution, large to small trees and shrubs. They 

 are noted for their large and showy flowers and large leaves, generally 

 clustered at the ends of the branches, and their coarse, open, straggling 

 branch habit, although some have shapely outlines. They are medium 

 to rapid growers, usually free from troubles, light-needing, with a deep 

 root system, requiring special care in transplanting. 



Of the large trees, the most satisfactory and most widely adapted, 

 useful, interesting, and ornamental, is — 



Liriodendron. L.tuUpifcra Linn. (224), Tulip Tree, Whitewood, Yellow 

 Poplar, the "Giant Tree" of the East, with a range from north to south 

 and into southwestern Ontario. Growing rapidly and of fine sym- 

 metrical form, its perfectly straight stem and conical outline reminding 

 one of the conifer habit. Besides its pleasing form, its value lies in the 

 medium-sized, peculiarly shaped, glossy foliage, in the fall turning 



