Black Oaks 



311 



Of Scnib Oaks at least two may be mentioned as useful in covering 

 barren and rocky ridges and hillsides, or for low coppice and wind mantle 

 on the outskirts of exposed plantations, for they are most hardy and 

 persistent spreading shrubs or small trees. 



Fig. III. — Turkey Oak. Quercus Cerris Linn. 



Q. ilicifolia Wangh. (302) {Banisteri or nana), Bear Oak, covers dry 

 mountain soils with dense thickets from Maine to Virginia and west, 

 occasionally growing to tree form (twenty feet), although usually a 

 shrub (ten feet), with foliage of the black oak type, dark green above, 

 but with a grayish shade. 



Q. prinoides Willd. (303) (humilis), Chincapin Oak, of^even wider 

 range than the preceding, a spreading shrub, usually not over six feet 



