El 



ms 321 



and an outline which can only be spoiled by pruning. The early flower 

 and fruit, an interesting round green samara, appearing before leafing, 

 misleads the uninitiated into the belief that it is an early leafer; it has, 

 however, a long leaf period. It is tolerably shade-enduring, thriving 

 best on deep, moist soils, easily transplanted, and a very rapid and 

 hardy grower. It is best fitted for single positions, and if planted in 

 avenues should be spaced widely, not less than thirty feet apart, for in 

 thirty to forty years it becomes a large tree. 



The American Elm is readily distinguished from the following by its 

 forking habit, each branch dividing into two equally strong branches. 



U. campestris Smith (341) (suberosa), English Elm, native of Europe, 

 is, next to the White Elm, most frequently planted; is, however, entirely 

 dilYerent and less striking in form, with a stiffer, more compact, and 

 less spreading habit. It is, nevertheless, a noble tree, of large dimen- 

 sions, with denser foliage than the White Elm, and having the advan- 

 tage of possessing a much longer leaf period into the fall, and also being 

 less liable to insect troubles. Lately, however, an enemy has developed 

 in the form of a leaf-destroying Aphis, which singles out this European 

 species, leaving the neighboring ones unmolested. This elm is some- 

 what given to suckering and, at least in Toronto, it fills out its in- 

 terior with a dense growth of watersprouts. It is best used for 

 grouping and as a street tree. 



There are a number of varieties and forms worthy of notice, one of 

 which is suberosa (341a), a beautiful, small tree, with vigorous, but 

 small, dark foliage of long duration, and interesting, corky bark. 



Of native elms, similar in habit to the European, upright in growth, 

 but smaller and requiring less space, should be mentioned: 



U. fulva Alichx. (342), Slippery or Red Elm, with a magnificent 

 foliage, larger than that of the White Elm, and of rough surface, borne 

 on long, somewhat pendulous branches, which usually form an open, 

 flat, and less graceful crown. 



U. alata Michx. (343), Wahoo or Winged Elm, a small, round-headed 

 tree, of southern distribution, fit only for southern planting. 



U. racemosa Thomas (334), with corky-winged branches, and foli- 

 age whitish beneath, has the advantage of being adapted to drier soils 

 than the others, and is also fairly hardy into Manitoba. 



Of the other exotics are to be mentioned the often planted European 

 and Asiatic : 



U. scabra ]Mill. (345) (montana), Wych Elm, a medium-sized tree, 



