Honeysuckle Family 339 



They are particularly useful in waste places, neglected corners, and in 

 seaside planting, for undershrub as well as in damp, shady woods. 



Two American and one European species, with a number of vari- 

 eties, deserve attention: 



* S. Canadensis Linn. (51), the common Elder and the hardiest, 

 deserving more extended use (five to ten feet); of wide distribution 

 from Canada south; with showy, white flowers in flat cymes (early 

 summer), and with dark purple to black fruit (August, September), 

 The fruit is used in pies and in making the elderberry wine. 



* S. pubens (53), and its almost exact European counterpart — 



* 5. racemosa Linn. (52), differs from former only in having red 

 berries, the American species, however, being perhaps the more 

 graceful. 



S. nigra. Linn. (54), the Europaan Black Elder, so called from the 

 purplish black or dark green berries, is a much larger bush (twenty 

 to twenty-five feet), well rounded and with compound foliage, which 

 keeps very persistently green, like that of most exotics. 



Three fine varieties of this species, only half hardy but rapid in recov- 

 ery, are commendable: 



* S. aurea (54a), the best golden-yellow-leaved ornament, especially 

 when kept trimmed to low form and in masses; 



* S. laciniata (54^), with a deeply cut, sparsely-leaved foliage, fine 

 for massing and borders; 



S. variegata (54c), with white markings, is a curiosity. 



Symphoricarpus. There are ten species of which two are native and 

 have great value for covering dry, gravelly banks and heavy soils, and 

 for underbrush, being very shade-enduring, their suckering habit tending 

 to keep their growth dense. Their smooth, broad foliage and their 

 waxy, berry-like fruit, hanging on through winter, are their chief orna- 

 ments. They are largely used in combination with rhododendron and 

 other evergreen shrubs, when the berries set off well against the dark 

 foliage. The two American spec'es are the best, and they are usually 

 planted together. 



S. racemosus Michx. (55), Waxberry, a low, graceful shrub, with 

 slender branches, rose-colored flowers, and white, waxy fruit in clusters; 



S. vulgaris Alichx. (56), Indian Currant, Coral Berry, a more com- 

 pact bush, which excels in having persistent foliage, bright green tinged 

 with reddish-purple, and very showy, dark red berries. 



Viburnum. Snowballs. A large genus, over a hundred species of 



