RAISING OR KEEPING UP THE FOREST 71 



not furnish enough timber, or if any of the other parts of 

 this piece of woods are in need of thinning or cleaning, 

 the cutting would be extended to these parts. 



In large woods the forester would need a map wherein 

 he could readily see just what condition every acre is in, so 

 that he might study and plan the work at his house. In 

 carrying out the plans the cuttings would be marked out 

 in the woods as well as on the map. 



To make this map requires not only a survey in which 

 boundary lines are run, as in ordinary surveying, but 

 it needs an examination and an estimate, or better, a 

 measuring of the trees, — all of them, if they are very 

 valuable, or at least of sample pieces or stands ; and it 

 also requires a careful noting of any young growth, and 

 a description of the land, the slope, the soil, the drainage. 

 Whether the ground is covered with grass, weeds, and 

 shrubbery, or is bare, should also be indicated, for all 

 this knowledge is helpful and even necessary to a proper 

 planning of the work. 



Starting the Youncj Growth by Seeding from 

 THE Side 



Along the Potomac, in Maryland, many old fields which 

 were cleared and tilled in the time of George Washing- 

 ton are covered to-day by dense stands of jack pine. In 

 the same way numerous old, abandoned fields in North 



