96 



FIRST BOOK OF F0KE8TKV 



THE SIX PRINCIPAL METHODS OF REPRODUCTIOX 



Method 



Coppice 



2. Standard 

 Coppice 



Selection 



Under 

 Seed Trees 



Xatnral 

 Seeding 

 from the 

 Side 



Artificial 

 Seeding or 

 Planting 



How THE Cl'TTING 

 IS DONE 



The Trees 

 start from 



Where the Method 

 mav be used 



All trees are cut off j Si)roiits 



Part of the trees are 

 held over to grow 

 to larger size, and 

 are cut at the eud 

 of the second or 

 third rotation 



The largest and old- 

 est trees and also 

 the worthless and 

 crowding younger 

 trees are picked out 



The piece of land is 

 cut over two to four 

 times within 10-20 

 years: the tirst cut 

 merely thins out, 

 the second leaves 

 only the seed trees, 

 the third cut gives 

 light to the young 

 growth, the fourth 

 cut removes the last 

 of the old trees 



Strips 50-7 o yards 

 wide are cut clean 

 and left until 

 seeded, when a new 

 strip is cleared 



All timber is cut 



Main crop from 

 sprouts, the 

 standards pre- 

 ferably from 

 seed or plants 



Mostly from 

 seed 



Seed 



Only for broad-leaved trees, 

 preferably oak and chest- 

 I nut, on fairly good forest 

 soil and in mild climate 



Same as coi^pice. For 

 standards use oak, chest- 

 nut, ash, also pine 



Seed carried by 

 the wind from 

 neighboring 

 forest 



Seed, or nursery 

 plants 



For all kinds of forests, on 

 all kinds of land, and for 

 cold and warm climates. 

 The best way for dilticult 

 m o u n t a i n forests aixl 

 wherever it is hard to 

 keep forest growth 



All kinds of forests, less 

 good in cold climate, on 

 poor soil, and in exposed 

 (storm-beaten) places 



Only with trees which have 

 light seed, — pine, spruce, 

 red fir, white cedars, elm, 

 l)irch, poplar, etc., — and 

 only in warmer localities 

 and where seed falls 

 abundantly and regu- 

 larly, and wiiere the soil 

 is not covered too badly 

 with grass and brush 



.\11 kinds of forests, good 

 and poor soil, cold and 

 warm climate. Simplifies 

 the business, makes cheap 

 logging, and prevents 

 useless crowding of young 

 plants 



