1-30 FIRST BOOK OF FORESTRY 



times as long as the stave, the length varvnig witli the 

 ditt'erent sizes of the l^arrels. 



Where a wagon shop is near by, it is often profitable to 

 cnt smaller second-growth timber into wagon axles, bol- 

 sters, and wagon tongues, and sell small trees of elm and 

 birch for hubs. 



Lumber. — Wherever a lack of pulp mills and other 

 factories makes it impossible or unprofitable to utilize the 

 larger logs in any l^etter way, tliey can always be sawed 

 into lumber. Lum])er is a general term for all kinds of 

 boards and timljer shaped witli the saw. 



Lumber in our country is generally, l)ut not always, 

 cut in lengths of even feet, eight, ten, twelve, fourteen, 

 etc., the most common lengths being twelve, fourteen, and 

 sixteen feet, and in widths of even inches. 



In thickness lumber varies usually by a (piarter of an 

 inch, and ranges from one half to twenty inches ; the thinner 

 pieces, one quarter to one and three quarters inches thick, 

 being called boards (planks in the South) ; those two to four 

 inches thick are planks ; and thicker material is timber. 



Lumber is measured hy the superficial foot, which is a 

 Ijoard one inch thick, twelve inches wide, and twelve inches 

 long, so that a board one inch thick, six inches wide, and 

 twelve feet long measures six feet board measure, — 

 written six feet B.M., — and a plank two inches thick, 

 twelve inches wide, and sixteen feet long contains thirty- 

 two feet B.M. 



