APPENDIX Til 279 



Gulf States, eastward to Delaware, and northward to Missouri 

 and Kentucky. 



18. Live oak (Quercits rirgiiiiana): Short- but heaA^ -bodied tree, scat- 



tered along the coast from Virginia to Texas. 



19. Live oak ((iuercus chrysolepis) (maul oak, Valparaiso oak) : Medium- 



sized tree. California. 



OSAGE ORANGE. 



Osage orange (Toxylon pomiferum) (bois d'arc) : Wood very heavy, 

 exceedingly hard, strong, not tough, of moderately coarse texture, 

 and very durable ; sapwood yellow, heart brown on the end, yellow 

 on longitudinal faces, soon turning grayish brown if exposed ; it 

 shrinks considerably in drying, but once dry it stands unusually 

 well. Formerly much used for wheel stock in the dry regions of 

 Texas ; otherwise employed for posts, railway ties, etc. Seems too 

 little appreciated ; it is well suited for turned ware and especially 

 for wood carving. A small-sized tree, of fairly ra]iid growth. 

 Scattered through the rich bottoms of Arkansas and Texas. 



PERSIMMON. 



Peksimmox (Diospj/ros virginiana) : "Wood very heavy and hard, strong 

 and tough ; resembles hickory, but is of finer texture ; the broad 

 sapwood cream color, the heart black. Used in turnery for shut- 

 tles, plane stocks, shoe lasts, etc. Small-sized tree. Conmion 

 and best developed in the lower Ohio valley, but occurs from New- 

 York to Texas and Missouri. 



POPLAR and COTTONWOOD (.see also Tulip wood). — Wood light, very 

 soft, not strong, of fine texture and whitish, grayish to yellowish color, 

 usually with a satiny luster. The wood shrinks moderately (some 

 crossgrained forms warp excessively), but checks little ; is easily worked, 

 but is not durable. Used as building and furniture lumber, in cooper- 

 age for sugar and flour barrels, for crates and boxes (especially cracker 

 boxes), for wooden ware and paper pulp. 



1. Cottonwood (Populus drltoidrs) : Large-sized tree ; forms consider- 

 able forests along many of the western streams, and furnishes most 

 of the Cottonwood of the market. New England to the Rocky 

 Mountains; most abundant in the Mississippi valley. 



