284 



FIRST BOOK OF FORESTRY 



administration, 183; an orderly 

 business requires forest regula- 

 tion, 184. 

 Butternut, in Key, 254 ; in list of 

 woods, 271. 



Canopy of the woods, 1. 



Care and protection of the forest, 

 97 ; need for this care, 97 ; thin- 

 ning and cleaning, 98 ; see Pro- 

 tection, 104. 



Catalpa, in Key, 254 ; in list of 

 woods and trees, 271. 



Caterpillars, see Insects, 115. 



Cedar, how to distinguish, 244 ; 

 wood of, 261 ; different kinds in 

 United States, 261. 



Cellulose, see Pulp, 142. 



Cherry, in Key to trees, 248 ; in list 

 of woods, 271. 



Chestnut, how to distinguish, 240 ; 

 the wood, different kinds and 

 where they grow, 272. 



Circles, table of, 260. 



Cleaning of trees ; how ti'ees clean 

 themselves of limbs, 16 ; shade 

 required ; helped by crowding ; 

 usefulness of cleaning, 17. 



Climate, as modified by forest, 2(i7 ; 

 as modifying the trees and for- 

 ests, see Temperature, 32 ; and 

 moistui'e, 24. 



Coffee tree, 272. 



Cold, see Temperature, 32. 



Conifers, growth in height (leaders), 

 17 ; are frugal. 20 : in swamps. 

 28 ; in cold regions, 34 ; cover the 



mountains, 38 ; not suited to 

 coppice, 48 ; yield more log mate- 

 rial than hardwoods, 64, 171; 

 yield in cords per acre, 74 ; conif- 

 erous seeds, 80 ; sowing in seed 

 bed, 82 ; seedlings, their growth, 

 85; niunl>er of trees per acre in 

 well-stocked woods, 102 ; more 

 prone to fire, 104; logging of 

 conifers, see Lumbering and Uses 

 of wood; coniferous lumber, 150; 

 for prairie planting, 195 ; our 

 coniferous forests, 210; how to 

 distinguish, 240; wood and its 

 uses, different kinds and their 

 distributions, 261. 



Contents of trees (in lumbering), 

 165. 



Cooperage stock, kinds of timber 

 used, how gotten out, 149. 



Coppice woods, 45 ; what trees are 

 suited, 46 ; yield of woods, 46 ; 

 poor stumps, 47 ; how to cut the 

 stumps in coppice, 47 ; tan-bark 

 coppice, 50 ; rotation in coppice, 

 50 ; standard coppice, 52. 



Cord as legal measure, 136. 



Cord wood, see Firewood, 136." 



Creosote from wood, 144. 



Crowding, helps to clean trees of 

 limbs, 16. 



Cruising, in timber, 16."). 



Cm"ly structui'e in wood, 226. 



Cuttings of willow and poplar, 79. 



Cyjjress, 29 ; knees, 31 ; how to dis- 

 tinguish, 244 ; its wood and w here 

 it grows. 263. 



