INDEX 



291 



(fence posts, etc.), 144; railway 

 ties, 145; poles and piling, 14(i ; 

 mining timber, 147 ; export tim- 

 ber, 147; lumber, 150; estimat- 

 ing timber in lumbering, 164; 

 tan bark, 17:] ; resin and turpen- 

 tine, 174; seeds and mast, 177; 

 pasturage, 178; game and fish, 

 180. 



Walnut, black walnut and white 

 walnut, 254, 281. 



Wastefulness of nature in wild- 

 woods, 11. 



Waste lands, lO:} ; where we have 

 them, 193 ; how they have been 

 utilized and made to bear valu- 

 able crops, 194. 



Weight of wood, 227. 



Wildwoods, 1. 



Wood, a chapter on wood, 217 ; 

 structural features, 217 ; sap and 

 heart wood, 217 ; the yearly or 

 annual ring, 217 ; spring and 

 summer wood, 218; pores in 

 wood, 219; ring-porous, diffuse- 

 porous, and non-porous woods, 

 222 ; pith rays, 222 ; grain of 

 ■wood, 224 ; straight and spiral 

 grain, 225 ; bird's-eye and curly 

 structure, 22(i ; knots in wood, 



226 ; physicial properties of wood, 



227 ; weight of wood, 227 ; mois- 

 ture in wood, 227 ; slirinkauv of 



wood on drying, 228; checking 

 during shrinkage, 228 ; streiigtii 

 of wood, 229 ; tough woods, 229 ; 

 chemical properties, 230; dura- 

 bility and decay of wood, 230. 



Wood acid or wood vinegar, 142. 



Wood and iron, a comparison of 

 the two, 232 ; wood is a natural 

 product, 232 ; wood is cheap and 

 soft, cleaves, is strong, 233 ; wood 

 is light, poor conductor of heat 

 and electricity, 234 ; wood is inof- 

 fensive and handsome, 235 ; wood 

 can be glued, wood burns and fur- 

 nishes heat, 236 ; wood can be 

 made into pulp and converted 

 into many useful substances, 237. 



Wood lot, or small tracts usually 

 belonging to farms, 184; what 

 to raise, 188 ; a sugar bush, 189 ; 

 utilizing the timber, 190; actual 

 results obtained, 191. 



Wood pulp, see Pulp wood, 140. 



Yearly or annual ring, 217. 



Yellow pine, see Lumber, 155. 



Yellow poplar, see Tulip po]>lar, 250, 

 281. 



Yew, its wood and where found, 268. 



Yield or cut per acre that may be 

 expected in coppice, 46 ; in pine 

 timl)er, if fully stocked, 74 ; of 

 log timber in hardwood and coni- 

 fers, 64. 



