BUDDING AND GRAFTING. 



37 



to depend upou the assimilated or true sap to form a 

 union between the bud and the stock, the same as we do 

 on layers and cuttings to produce roots, for all the opera- 

 tions are analogous, only in budding, the alburnous 

 matter forms a union with the same material in the 

 stock, while in the layer and cutting, it is emitted in the 

 form of roots. 



The proper time for budding trees must, of course, 

 vary with the latitude, season, and kind of trees to be prop- 

 agated, as some come forward earlier than others, but, as 

 a rule, it can be performed as early 

 in the season as good plump buds 

 can be found at the axils of the 

 leaves in shoots of the present 

 season's growth. The iipper and 

 immature ones can, of course, be 

 discarded, if it is necessary to 

 commence budding before all are 

 in fit condition for use. In fig. 4, 

 a, we have a bud which is to be 

 transferred to a stock; a knife is 

 inserted about one inch below it 

 and passed upward, and brought 

 out about a half inch above, cut- 

 ting out a piece of bark with a 

 Fig. 4. thick slice of wood of a form 

 THE BiTD. gi^Q^yji by the circular line in 

 the figure. We now make a cut across the stock, cutting 

 just through the bark, and another longitudinally down- 

 ward, as shown in fig. 5, then insert the lower end 

 of the bark containing the bud, under the bark of the 

 stock at the point where the incisons meet, and press it 

 down to its place. If the bark of the stock is firm, and 

 does not part easily to admit the bud, the edges must be 

 lifted so as to allow the bud to pass under it freely. If 

 the piece of bark containing the bud does not pass com- 



