104 PRACTICAL FORESTRY. 



coarsely toothed, white and downy beneath. Generally a low 

 shrub, but occasionally a small tree twenty or thirty feet high. 

 Native of Northern Europe, Newfoundland, New England, and 

 westward nearly across the continent. Wood very hard and 

 heavy, and makes excellent fuel and charcoal, but does not 

 grow large enough to ba worthy of much attention. A variety 

 of this species (A. incana var. vi.rescens) is more or less abun- 

 dant among the mountains of Oregon and southward to New 

 Mexico. 



A. vh-idis. — Green or Mountain Alder. — This, like the other 

 older and long-known species has many synonyms in botanical 

 works. Leaves roundish oval or oval, somewhat viscid or 

 sticky. Seeds with a broad wing. A small shrub, native of 

 Europe and North America, found very far to the north on 

 this continent and southward along the mountains to North 

 Carolina. 



A. serrulata. — Smooth Alder. — Leaves obovate-acute at the base, 

 sharply serrate wiHi very fine teeth, smooth and green on both 

 sides. A shrub or small tree twenty feet high. Seeds ovate 

 and wingless. Common from New England southward to 

 Florida. This species is also known as {A. glutinosa) in some 

 botanical works and catalogues. 



A. Maritinia. — Sea-side Alder. — Closely allied to the above, if 

 not identical, but some authors have claimed that it is really a 

 distinct species, although leaves and fruit are as in A. ser- 

 rulata. Common on the Eastern Shore of Maryland, and in Del- 

 aware. A variety of this, known as {A. maritimavav. arguta), 

 is a native of Japan. 



A. olilon^ifoliao — Oblong-leaved Alder. — Leaves thick, oblong- 

 lanceolate, smooth above and slightly pubescent beneath, two 

 to four inches long. Seeds broadly-ovate, wings very narrow. 

 A tree thirty to forty feet high, and in some instances sixty to- 

 eighty feet, with a stem two feet in diameter. "Wood excellent 

 and hard, taking a good polish. New Mexico, west to Santa 

 Bai'bara, Cal. One of the largest species of Alders known. 



A. rhombifolia. — White Alder of California and Oregon. — 

 Leaves smaller than the last, or from two to three inches long, 

 rounded or pointed at the summit, and wedge shape at the 

 base, smooth above and thinly pubescent beneath. Seeds 

 broadly ovate with thickened margin. Oregon to Southern 



