FOREST TKEES. 159 



those of the Hickory (carya), the staminate catkins produced 

 from the previous year's wood, long, sohtaiy, or in pairs. Fer- 

 tile flowers soUtary, or few in a short terminal spike; the calyx 

 adhering to the ovary. Fruit fleshy, enclosing an irregularly 

 rough nut. Wood of all valuable. 



Jnglans Californica, Watson. — California Walnut. — Leaves more 

 or less downy. Leaflets five to eight pairs, oblong-lanceolate, 

 acute, narrowing upward from near the base, and two to two- 

 and a half inches long. Fruit round, shghtly compressed, 

 about an inch in diameter, shell rather thin, with two broad 

 cavities upon each side. A tree or large shrub near San Fran- 

 cisco, and on the Sacramento a tree forty to sixty feet high, and 

 stems two to four feet in diameter. Also in Southern Califor- 

 nia, Arizona, New Mexico, and in Sonora, Mexico. 



J. ciiiorca, L. — Butternut. — Leaflets oblong-lanceolate, pointed, 

 rounded at the base, downy, especially uaderneath, and the 

 petioles and branchlets with clammy hairs. Fruit oblong, 

 clammy, and the nut deeply sculptured and with ragged sharp! 

 ridges ; kernel sweet, rich, and oily. A well-known tree with 

 gx'ay bark, and only slightly furrowed on the stems of old 

 trees. Wood light- colored, only moderately hard, very dur- 

 able, and considered valuable for cabinet work and various 

 other purposes. The inner bark has long been used for color- 

 ing cloth, and the historic "Butternut color" is not quite ex- 

 tinct, although not so common as it was a half century ago. 



A large tree in the bottoms along our northern rivers ; some- 

 times sixty feet in hight, and stem two feet or more in diame- 

 ter. A rapid growing tree, readily raised from the nuts, and 

 can be safely transplanted at almost any age, especially when 

 raised in nurseries and moved when young. A common tree 

 in nearly all of our Northern States, and southward along the 

 mountains. 



J. nigra. — Black Walnut.— Leaflets eleven to twenty-one, ovate- 

 lanceolate, sUghtly pubescent beneath, pointed, slightly heart- 

 shaped at base ; neither leaves, stalks, or fruit clammy, as in 

 the last. Fruit large, round, somewhat dotted, but not fur- 

 rowed. Shell of nut black, or dark brown, very rough ; kernel 

 large, very oily, and a strong, rather disagi'eeable flavor, but 

 not at all poisonous as sometimes stated. Wood of a dark, 

 rich brown color, rather hard and firm, but susceptible of a 

 high polish, and probably more extensively employed for first- 

 class cabinet work than any other native wood. It is also ex- 



