200 PRACTICAL FORESTRY. 



Wood white, heavy, moderately coarse-grained, sometimes quite 

 tough, but variable in texture and value. New England, and 

 near the coast, southward, on sandy soils, on red-sandstone 

 ridges of New Jersey and south. Engelmann says it is found 

 in Minnesota. There is yet some doubt as to whether this is 

 really distinct from Q. tinctoria. 



Q. densiflora, Hook. & Arn. — California Chestnut Oak.— Leaves 

 persistent, oblong-acute, obtuse or rarely acute at base, entire, 

 with revolute margins, but sometimes slightly toothed, tomen- 

 tose beneath, or whitish, two to five inches long, a half inch to 

 two inches broad. Staminate flowers in erect catkins, with 

 pistillate at base. Acorns biennial, oval or oblong, sharp- 

 pointed, an inch to an inch and a half long, with a very thick 

 shell set in a very shallow cup. Kernel very bitter. A species 

 intermediate between the oaks and chestnuts. A middle-sized 

 tree or shrub, but Professor Brewer says that in the Santa Cruz 

 Mountains it gi-ows to a bight of fifty or sixty feet, and rarely 

 to eighty feet, with a stem two feet in diameter. Prof. Palmer 

 reports it on the Coast Ranges of California, from the Santa Lucia 

 Mountains, and among the red woods to the Shasta region. 



Q. Dong;las>ii, Hook. & Arn. — Mountain White Oak, or Blue 

 Oak. — Leaves small, only an inch or two long, oblong-sinuate 

 or with shallow lobes, sometimes almost entire, on short stalks, 

 bluish-green, becoming smooth above, pubescent beneath. 

 Acorns an inch or more in length, oblong, tapering or pointed, 

 set in a shallow cup, covered with flat scales. A medium to 

 large tree, with downy branchlets, on dry foot hills of the 

 Coast Ranges of California, near the centre of the State. Resem- 

 bles the white oak of the Eastern States, but does not grow as 

 large. The largest trees seen by Professor Brewer had a cir- 

 cumference of nine feet. 



Q. dnniosa, Nutt. — Small-leaved Oak. — Leaves small, a half 

 inch to an inch long, oblong-obtuse, rounded, or rarely acute at 

 the base, entire or slightly smuate on young shoots, toothed, 

 dark green above and i^ubescent beneath. Acorns sessile, varia- 

 ble in size, an inch long or more, sometimes slender and small,- 

 set in deep cups, usually strongly tubercled. Var. buUata has 

 leaves rounder, thicker and paler in color. A tall shrub or 

 small tree, seldom over twenty feet high, and with slender 

 straight branches. Leaves persistent through winter. In the 

 Coast Ranges, from San Diego to San Francisco Bay. The variety 

 in the Santa Lucia Mountains (Prof. Brewer). 



