204 PRACTICAL FORESTRY. 



the Middle and Northern Atlantic States in Pennsylvania, only 

 on limestone hills (Porter), but most abundant in the Mississipjii 

 Valley. Wood valuable and very durable. 



Q. nigra, L. — Black Jack Barren Oak. — Leaves large, five to 

 ten inches, thick, broadly wedge-shaped, rounded at the base, 

 mostly three-lobed at summit, bristle-awned, smooth above, 

 and rusty-downy beneath, deciduous. Acorns biennial, one- 

 half to three-fourths of an inch long, cup top-shaped, with 

 coarse scales enclosing one-third or one-half of the oblong-ovate 

 mat. A small tree, seldom more than twenty feet high, with 

 very dark-colored rough bark. Wood coarse-grained, only 

 valuble for fuel. Widely distributed from New Jersey south- 

 ward to Florida, and westward to Texas and northward. 



Q. oblongifolia, Torr. — Evergreen White Oak. — Leaves ever- 

 green, oblong, one to two inches long, and half as wide, on 

 very short stalks, entire or with a few blunt teeth, obtuse at 

 each end, or slightly heart-shaped at base, downy when young, 

 calyx lobes? short, oval, woolly. Acorns oblong, one-half to an 

 inch long, cups hemispherical, tubercled. A small, handsome, 

 evergreen tree, twenty to thirty feet high, with stem two feet 

 in diameter. Fruit maturing the first season. Mountains of 

 Southern California and Mexico. 



Q. Palmeri, Engelm. — Palmer's Oak. — A tall shrub, with 

 thick and very rigid leaves, scarcely an inch long, round, oval, 

 obtuse or sub-cordate at base, with undulate and spiny mar- 

 gins. Acorns maturing the second season. Mountains of San 

 Diego County, California, near the boundary and southward. 



Q. palnstris, DuRoi. — Pin Oak, Swamp Oak. — Leaves oblong, 

 smooth and shining, bright green on both sides, deeply pinnati- 

 fid, with broad and rounded sinuses, the lobes divergent, cut- 

 lobed and toothed. Acorns globular, scarcely one-half inch 

 long, cup shallow and saucer-shaped. A very handsome, medium 

 sized tree, with light, elegant foliage, growing in low grounds, 

 along sti'eams, from New England to Nebi'aska and Kansas. 

 Wood rather coarse-grained, but valuable for plank or for pur- 

 poses where it will not be exposed to the weather. 



Q. Phellos, L. — Willow Oak. — Leaves deciduous, linear-lanceo- 

 late, narrowed at both ends, two to three inches long, bristle 

 awned, scurfy when young. Cup saucer-shaped, enclosing the 

 base of the roundish nut. Acorn maturing the second year. A 

 tree thirty to fifty feet high, with reddish, coarse-grained wood 



