CONIFERS, OR CONE-BEARIKG TREES. 269 



wingless, and kernel sweet, edible, used for food by the Indians. 

 A small tree, twenty to thirty feet high, with stem twelve to 

 eighteen inches in diameter, but often only a low, straggling 

 bush. Wood white and soft, resinous, making good fuel. In 

 the Coast Ranges of California, Arizona, Southern Utah, and 

 Nevada. Plants raised from seed, from the higher mountains 

 of Nevada, have proved perfectly hardy in my grounds, neither 

 receiving protection from the sun in summer. Plants of slow 

 growth, but are unique, differing widely from all the other 

 species of pine with which I am f amiUai'. 



P. monticola, Dougl. — Mountain Pine. — Leaves in fives, three 

 to four inches long, obtuse, smooth, glaucous-green. Cones 

 cylindrical, slender, four to eight inches long, yeUowish-brown, 

 with loosely imbricated, pointed, but spineless scales. Seed 

 small, with large wings. A tree sixty to eighty feet high, and 

 sometimes three feet in diameter. A species closely allied to 

 the White Pine, and resembles it in gi-owth, leaves and wood. 

 California, in the Sierra Nevadas, and northward to Washing- 

 ton Teridtoiy, at elevations of from seven to ten thousand feet. 

 Hardy, and thrives in light, sandy soUs, better than in those 

 that are moist and heavy. 



P. mnruata, Don. — Bishop's Pine. — Leaves in pairs, four to six 

 inches long, quite broad, rigid, and strongly serrulate, and of a 

 bright-green color. Cones sessile, about three inches long, 

 ovate, in clusters, crowded with thick, wedge-shaped scales, 

 with stout, short prickles. The cones are very persistent, re- 

 maining on the trees for many years, and the scales remaining 

 closed for a long time. I have cones of this species in my cabi- 

 net, gathered twenty years ago, and although kept in a warm 

 room, only a few of them have opened sufficient to show the 

 seed. A medium sized or large tree, varying in hight in dif- 

 ferent regions, from twenty-five to over a hundred feet high, 

 with reddish-brown, roughish bark. In CaUfomia, only near 

 the coast, where it is exposed to the wind and fogs of the 

 ocean, and principally in swamps and wet soils. 



P. Parryaua, Engelm. — PaiTy's Pine. — Leaves three to five in a 

 sheath, mostly four, an inch to an inch and a half long. Cones 

 sub-globose, an inch and a half to two inches long, thick, with 

 strongly elevated knobs. Seed oval, about a half inch long, 

 with a thin, light brown mottled shell. A small tree, twenty 

 to thirty feet high, collected only by Dr. C. C. Parry, forty 

 miles southeast of San Diego, across the border in Mexico, and 



