I'AK.M IMPLEMENTS AND BUILDINGS. 



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Plan of 

 Basement. 



and cheaper system is to have openings like fanlights, 

 say twelve by thirty inches, at intervals around the 

 walls, close to the ceiling. Fit in the openings 

 frames hinged from the bottom, and made to open 

 inwards from the top about one-third, or say, at an 

 angle of about forty-live. These should be similar 

 to the upper lights used in our railway coaches to 

 supply fresh air. Tack muslin or cheap factory 

 cotton on these frames. When the wind is blowing, 

 the draft will be along the ceiling, instead of on the 

 animals, and even when closed they will let in 

 sufficient fresh air to keep the ceilings and the 

 animals dry. 



The following plan of basement (see III. 32) is 

 arranged for seven horses and fifty-two cattle, and 

 a loose-box. The stable is so arranged that box 

 stalls can be made in the cattle compartment by 

 using hurdles (temporary gates). There are horse 

 and cattle feed rooms, and also a root cellar on the 

 north side. The size of barn and basement can be 

 increased or decreased according to the requirements. 

 The stanchion used in some districts has the advan- 

 tage of a draw rod, which opens all the stanchions 

 in a row (see III. 33), which can again be closed as 

 soon as the cattle are free. The swinging stanchions 

 allow the cattle more freedom. See III. 36. Stalls 

 in cattle stables are not necessary. By having the 

 cattle dehorned they may be let loose for exercise in 

 the stable without being turned out of doors in cold 

 weather. Cast-iron basins are fastened on the par- 

 titions, arranged so that one basin will supply two 

 animals. For details see the plan of basement (34). 



For location of the sheep pen, see farm diagram sheep Pen. 

 ( page 102). 



As cattle do not thrive on the .same pasture along Keep Cattle 

 with sheep, it is advisable not to keep both, unless Aparf 



and Sheep 



