110 



KKNXIES AGRICULTURE. 



Subsoiling 

 Clay Land. 



Time to Sow 

 Fall Wheat. 



Quantity to 

 Sow. 



How to Destroy 

 Smut Spores. 



Prevent 

 Heating. 



Smut Spores 

 Feed on Plant. 



sary for the healthy growth of a crop of fall wheat 

 or any other grain crop. 



Before the fall wheat is sown the land should be 

 subsoiled nine or ten inches deep with four horses 

 on the subsoiler (III. z), unless the subsoil is of a 

 sandy or porous nature. Harrow before and after 

 sowing. 



For Central and Northern Ontario the time to 

 sow fall wheat is the end of August or beginning of 

 vSeptember. In Southern Ontario the seed should 

 be sown from the tenth to the fifteenth of Sep- 

 tember. 



Sow fall wheat with the grain drill at the rate 

 of one and a quarter bushels per acre, using only 

 good, clean and thoroughly matured seed. 



The seed should, before sowing, be treated with 

 formalin if it shows any traces of smut. A simple 

 and effective method is to make a solution in the 

 proportions of half a pint of formalin to ten gallons 

 of water. This is sufficient for twenty-five or thirty 

 bushels of wheat. Having prepared the solution, 

 spread the wheat on the floor and sprinkle the 

 formalin solution over it with a watering can; the 

 wheat should be shovelled over while being sprinkled, 

 so that every grain will receive a portion of the solu- 

 tion. After sprinkling, dust the wheat over with 

 slaked lime so that it mav be sown with the grain 

 drill. 



Do not put the grain into bags many hours before 

 sowing, as this will cause it to heat and seriously 

 injure its vitality. Every germ of smut must be 

 destroyed, otherwise it will develop and produce 

 smut the following year. 



It has been proved by botanists that the smut 

 spores cling to the kernel and when it germinates 

 the spores feed on the plant, finishing with the grain, 



