THE FLORA 93 



Mosses (C6inteach) ; Liver-worts (Ainean-uisge) ; Lichens, 

 e.g. Ash-coloured Dog-lichen (Cluas-liath an Fhraoich) ; Tree 

 Lungwort (Crotal Coille) ; Pannelia perlata, Njl. (Crotal) ; 

 Usnea barbata, Fr. (Feusag-liath) ; Xanthoria parietina, Fr. 

 (Rusg buidhe nan Creag), etc. ; Fungi, including Mushrooms 

 (Bolgag); Moulds (Cloimh liath) ; Mil-dew (Mil-cheo); 

 Algae, such as Seaweed (Feamainn) and fresh-water Confervas 

 (Liobhagach-uisge), are all familiar examples of cryptogamic 

 plants. The fungi include a multitude of microscopical 

 kinds (microbes), many being beneficial, while others (disease 

 germs) are hurtful. 



Phanerogams bear flowers with stamens and pistils, and 

 usually a perianth consisting of a calyx and corolla. They 

 produce seeds containing an embryo, and are therefore known 

 as seed-plants. Phanerogams embrace the great majority of 

 the best-known plants and the trees. They are divided into 

 two main divisions : (a) Angiosperms, comprising practically 

 all the flowering plants ; (b) Gymnosperms, including the 

 conifers (Pine, Juniper, etc.). 



Div. I. ANGIOSPERMS 



Flowering plants with ovules contained in closed ovaries. 

 They are subdivided into two great classes Dicotyledons 

 and Monocotyledons. 



Class I. DICOTYLEDONS 



Dicotyledons include fully three-fourths of our flowering 

 plants, and are easily distinguished from Monocotyledons 

 by their net-veined leaves, and the parts of their flowers 

 being usually in fours or fives. Their stems have a pith in 

 the middle of fibrous or woody tissue, with a separable bark 

 on the outside. Increase in growth takes place by annual 

 additions underneath the bark, seen in the cross-section of 

 a tree by the appearance of concentric circles, or rings, each 



