Contents. 



PAGE. 



5. Other purposes, for which ants employ their architec- 



tural skill ........................................... 123 



Stations, roads, galleries, stables for aphides, granaries, 

 ramparts, etc. The grave-yards of ants in fiction and in 

 reality. 



6. Is the building activity of ants guided by intelligence?.. 128 



Ants using their larvae as spinning-wheels. The "bridge 

 building" of ants according to W. Marshall and Buechner. 

 Experiments of Lubbock and Bethe. My own experiments. 

 Results summed up. 



CHAPTER IV. 



BREEDING AND NURSING IN THE ANIMAL KINGDOM. 



1. A general view of the breeding instincts of animals . . . 143 



Breeding and family life in animals with reference to the 

 preservation of species. This relationship psychologically 

 explained. Breeding in social insects. The breeding instinct 

 of ants dependent on the laws of organic development. 



2. Care of the young among ants ........................ 153 



Psychic characteristics of their breeding instinct and of its 

 different manifestations. The differentiation of castes in 

 bees and ants influenced by education. Intermediate forms 

 between females and workers in ants, and their probable 

 explanation. Pseudogynes and their relation to Lomechusa. 

 Attachment of ants to their brood. Fond "mothers" and 

 "aunts." 



3. Adoption instincts in the animal kingdom ............. 173 



Their frequent occurrence. Psychological explanation. Ants 

 nursing Lomechusa-larvae. Different treatment of these 

 larvae, both in normal sanguinea colonies and in such as 

 contain pseudogynes. VV. Marshall and the nursing of eggs 

 of aphides by ants; "intelligent" foresight of the future; 

 comparison with the nursing of Lotnechusa-\arvae. Adoption 

 instincts in birds and mammals. Results summed up; con- 

 clusions. 

 Conclusion ............................................. 192 



The automatism and the plasticity of instinct both in ants 

 and higher animals reviewed. Man the only being in the 

 visible creation gifted with reason. Humanization of animals 

 is unscientific, and injurious to the moral order of human 

 society. 



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