Wars and Slavery in the Animal Kingdom. 43 



tim; or the "ant-lion" (Myrmeleon formicarius), an 

 insect belonging to the Neuroptera, the larva of which 

 from the center of its funnel-shaped sand-pit with its 

 long and flexible mandibles hurls particles of sand at 

 an ant, to bring her to the bottom of the pit ; or the 

 archer fish (Toxotes iaculator}, directing jets of water 

 upon small insects resting on aquatic plants, thereby 

 bringing them down into the water as his prey : these 

 animals, so low in the zoological scale, are far nearer 

 to man, as regards the suitable use of weapons, than 

 the highest apes, although on evolutionistic principles 

 the latter only could possibly form the transition 

 between man and the brute. That apes through their 

 imitative instincts and by human training are able 

 to "learn" the use of a few simple tools, only proves 

 the intelligence of man and the power of sensitive per- 

 ception in apes. 1 Had apes themselves but a trace of 

 intelligence, they would have invented long ago even 

 in their free state of nature the use of a few simple 

 means of defense, such as branches and stones. But 

 why did they not ? The only possible, scientific answer 

 is : because they evidently have no intelligence. Not 

 the brain alone makes man an intelligent being, but 

 his spiritual soul, and this spiritual soul is wanting in 

 the highest apes as well as in insects. True, modern 

 evolution is fond of ignoring all facts, which will not 

 fit into its tissue of hypotheses. But we need not say 

 that such a proceeding is highly unscientific. 



Darwin's and Ziegler's attempt at putting the wars 

 of apes on a level with those of uncivilized tribes, has 



*) See "Instinct and Intelligence," etc. (Herder, St. Louis, Mo.), 

 p. 60 and 160. 



