Wars and Slavery in the Animal Kingdom. 59 



which I introduced into that observation nest during 

 my experiments on the international relations 1 of ant 

 guests. If previously no Dinar da had been present for 

 some time, one or two of D. dentata were often quietly 

 received and tolerated for weeks. But as soon as I 

 would add some more beetles of this species, the perse- 

 cution began, at first against the newcomers, and 

 finally, the passion of hunting having been aroused, 

 also against the old ones, until all were seized and 

 devoured. Thus the ants seem to have been led to this 

 persecution not so much by the perception of one beetle 

 by itself, but rather by that of their increasing number. 

 It was this that aroused their hostility. 



The sanguineas of the same observation nest once 

 manifested unmistakably that they desired only a 

 limited number of their genuine guest Lomechnsa 

 strumosa, otherwise so dear to them. In September, 

 1898,1 had captured in a san guinea colony 2 116 beetles 

 of that species and placed 30 of them in my observa- 

 tion nest. After a few weeks, however, 19 of them 

 had been driven out of the main nest and were con- 

 fined in the empty annex, where they all perished, 

 being isolated from their nurses, whilst the remaining 

 ii were for the whole winter carefully tended by their 

 hosts and very often fed and licked by them. The 

 ants, therefore, had not changed their behavior toward 



*) "International relations" I term the relation of ant guests to 

 different colonies and different species of ants, which are hostile to 

 each other. 



2 ) No. 191 of my statistical map of the sanguinea colonies near 

 Exaten. In treating about the education of the Lomechusa larvae by 

 F. sanguinea, I shall communicate more detailed observations regarding 

 this colony (in the last chapter, number 3, "Adoption Instincts in the 

 Animal Kingdom"). 



