CONCLUSION. 



NOT to exceed the limits of this publication, we 

 must refrain from pointing out other parallels 

 existing between the psychic life of ants and that of 

 the other animals. In particular, the extremely vari- 

 ous ways of gaining a living, prevalent in ant-com- 

 munities, would furnish plenty of material. But in 

 this essay we had to confine ourselves to a few stray 

 remarks on that subject (p. 38). What we have 

 dilated upon may suffice, however, to furnish a posi- 

 tive and reliable answer to the question, with which 

 we introduced our essay, namely: Are animals en- 

 dowed "with instinct only, or also zvith intelligence? 

 We have already proved in a former publication 

 (Instinct and Intelligence in the Animal Kingdom), 

 of which the present study is a confirmation, that 

 modern animal psychology influenced by so-called 

 popular psychology, has inverted and confused the 

 notions of sensitive cognition and of intelligence. 

 That which is popularly styled animal intelligence, 

 in as far as it is based on real facts and not on fables 

 and anecdotes, is nothing but the faculty of the ani- 

 mals of forming complex representations of their 

 sensitive experiences and of acting appropriately in 

 accordance with them. But this power as well as the 

 immediate instinctive cognition is due to the innate 

 laws of associations of sensitive representations and 

 affections ; hence it belongs to the sphere of sensitive 



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