CONTENTS. IX 



Karnes, and Monboddo, 424 ; Herder's idea of Humanity, 425 ; 

 Contrast between Voltaire and Rousseau, 427 ; Utopism in earlier 

 English literature, 428 ; Special problems, Adam Smith and Ben- 

 tham, 429 ; James and J. S. Mill, 429 ; Characteristic differences 

 in the three literatures, 430 ; Sociology : Comte, 430 ; ' Synopsis ' 

 as opposed to ' Atomism,' 431 ; Ethical interest in sociology, 437 ; 

 Ethical and theological interests separated in France, 439 ; Centre 

 of gravity of the ethical system changed, 441 ; Kant's position, 443 ; 

 Contrast between English and French sociology, 443 ; Absence in 

 both alike of metaphysical stage, 445 ; Division of the problem, 446 ; 

 Constitution of Society treated in France, 447 ; Economic problem in 

 Britain, 447 ; Problem of History of Society in Germany, 448 ; 

 Centre of Sociology in France, 448 ; Ideas of return to Nature and 

 of Perfectability, 449; Rousseau, 450; The "Physiocrats," 452; 

 Adam Smith, 455 ; Hume, 456 ; Contrast between A. Smith's Ethics 

 and Economics, 457 ; Social harmony sought in principle of Justice, 

 457 ; Ricardo and Malthus, 459 ; Reactionary school : de Bonald and 

 de Maistre, 463 ; The Socialists, 465 ; Saint-Simon, 466 ; Relation to 

 Comte, 470 ; Influence of France on Germanj% 474 ; Kant, 475 ; 

 Fichte, 477 ; Hegel, 479 ; Comte's philosophy of histor}% 481 ; Comte 

 and Hegel compared, 482; 'Law of the Three States,' 483; Early 

 Tract on 'Social Polity' involves Comte's whole programme, 487; 

 Contemporary reception of Comte's and Hegel's doctrines, 492 ; 

 Greater appeal of some of Comte's qualities to English readers, 494 ; 

 Influence on J. S. Mill, 495 ; Attitude of Mill to German thought, 

 498 ; The historical spirit in Hegel and Comte, 500 ; The idealist 

 conception, 500 ; Comte's search for the ensemble, 502 ; Relation to 

 Darwin's discovery, 504 ; Generalised Positivism : Taine, 505 ; His 

 theory of environment, race, and epoch, 507 ; Buckle, 510 ; Lazarus 

 and Steinthal, 511; Th. Waitz, 513; Blumenbach, 513; J. C. 

 Prichard, 514 ; Broca, 514 ; Influence of Darwin and Spencer, 515 ; 

 Society as an Organism, 518 ; Antithesis between Individual and the 

 State, 520 ; Schiiffle, 521 ; Fouillee, 523 ; Spencer's intellectual 

 history, 526 ; Spencer and Hegel contrasted, 529 ; Combination of 

 utilitarian and intuitional views in Morals, 532 ; Scientific and 

 practical interests, 533 ; Three sociological theories, 533 ; Socialism, 

 535 ; Karl Marx, 536 ; His position in the history of thought, 538 ; 

 His central idea, 538 ; The dualism of Saint-Simon and Comte dis- 

 appears, 539 ; Influence of British Political Economy, 540 ; The 

 Ricardian theories the basis of his industrial philosophy, 543 ; In- 

 fluence of his theory, 544 ; Influence of Science and popular spirit, 

 544 ; Examples of efi"orts towards economic reconstruction, 546 ; 

 Fichte's "closed industrial state," 547; J. H. von Thiinen, 553; 



