152 PHILOSOPHICAL THOUGHT. 



and Kant figure as representatives of the two main 

 ways of approaching the ethical problem, the problem 

 of the Good. It cannot, however, be said that either of 

 them has been more successful than the other in bringing 

 the two main questions of ethics together, in finding a 

 principle which would lead to the solution of both. 

 And thus we find that each of these thinkers stimulated 

 inquiries which had for their object to complete the 

 work which was left undone, or only partially done, in 

 their respective systems. 

 IS. The disciple or follower of Bentham who attempted 



J. S. Mill. ^ ^ 



to give to Benthamism logical consistency and a psycho- 

 logical foundation was John Stuart Mill. The resources 

 which he brought to bear upon the solution of the 

 ethical problem in its various aspects were much greater 

 than those possessed by Bentham. Though he was 

 occupied, early in life already, with ethical problems, 

 he did not attempt to bring the system of morality 

 which through him has become current under the name 

 of Utilitarianism into a focus, and to defend it against 

 its enemies and critics, before he had matured his views 

 by looking all round. 



Mill was born in 1806. His 'Utilitarianism' ap- 

 peared in 1861,^ after he had published his more im- 



' In ' Fraser's Magazine,' re- 

 printed in separate form in 1863. 

 Mill explains (p. 9) that "he did 

 not invent tlie word ' Utilitarian,' 

 but that he believed himself to be 



from a growing dislike to anything 

 resembling a badge or watchword 

 of sectarian distinction. But as a 

 name for one single opinion, not a 

 set of opinions — to denote the re- 



the first person who brought it | cognition of utility as a standard- 



into use"; that he "adopted it : not any particular waj^ of applying 



from a passing expression in Gait's it, the term supplies a want in the 



'Annals of the Parish.' After language." As a matter of fact, it 



using it as a designation for several 1 had been used by Bentham himself, 

 years he and others abandoned it 



