264 PHILOSOPHICAL THOUGHT. 



The two German adjectives derived from the noun, 

 " geistig " and " geistlich " correspond somewhat to the 

 English " intellectual " and " spiritual " ; " geistlich " being 

 opposed to " weltlich " as " spiritual " is to " worldly." 

 But the fact that the German noun refers equally to 

 the intellectual and spiritual sphere of ideas is one of 

 the reasons why religious (spiritual) and philosophical 

 (intellectual) interests have not been kept strictly apart 

 in German literature. This has led to much confusion 

 and to misunderstandings, especially for foreign students. 

 It would lead too far were I to dwell with any com- 

 pleteness on these verbal differences ; it may suffice to 

 point out that they not only create a difficulty for the 

 general point of view which I am everywhere trying 

 to introduce, but indicate also an important difference 

 in the positions taken up by German and English 

 thinkers with regard to the problem we have in 

 view. I will for the moment leave out of considera- 

 tion the terms used in French philosophical literature 

 when dealing with the present subject : this for reasons 

 which will become clearer later on. And also in dealing 

 with the second point mentioned above, the relation 

 of philosophy and theology, we will confine ourselves 

 for the moment to this country and Germany ; for it 

 can hardly be maintained that there has existed in 

 France, during the nineteenth century, any prominent 

 school of theology outside the confines of Eoman Cath- 

 olicism. Now, as far as this country is concerned, 

 we have to note that there has not existed a science 

 of theology as comprehensive and self-contained as we 

 find in Germany ever since the end of the eighteenth 



