OF THE SPIRIT. 387 



and the world of spiritual necessities demanding satis- 

 faction on the other. Such satisfaction is found, accord- 

 ing to Lotze's view, in the higher realities of the True, 

 the Beautiful, and the Good, or in the comprehensive 

 conception of the Holy. This world Lotze terms the 

 world of Values or Worths, inasmuch as that only 

 possesses for us value or worth which answers to a 

 specific demand of our nature. And Mr Balfour 

 must be credited with bringing out, more convincingly 

 perhaps than Lotze, the fact that for the modern 

 thinker at least there exists a third world of apparent 

 reality, the world of relations, of the so-called laws 

 of nature which are looked upon as the detailed 

 expression or description of the Uniformity of Nature. 

 But — and this is the main contention — this world is 

 merely artificially created by the human mind, it 

 nowhere exists as such, but is an abstract, an instru- 

 ment invented for the purpose of scientific research. 

 Ever since it has been applied, it has created a 

 structure so formidable and imposing that, compared 

 with it, every other scheme of human thought seems 

 frail and in danger of collapsing. It might have been 

 added that by far the most powerful argument in 

 favour of the reality of this recent creation of the 

 human mind, which acquires more and more the 

 character of mathematical certainty, lies in this that, 

 by -the use of it, not only enormous regions of the 

 existing world have been laid bare which without it 

 would have remained for ever unseen and unknown, 

 but also an ever increasing complex of artificial rela- 

 tions has been brought into existence, which, in the 



