672 PHILOSOPHICAL THOUGHT. 



that dualism which the idealistic philosophy had tried 

 to remove. 



To Schopenhauer, the world as we know it rests on 

 or contains two independent principles, the Will and 

 the Intellect ; and the title of his great work which 

 appeared in the year 1819 is 'The World as Will 

 and Idea.' The substance of this work consists mainly 

 in an exposition of the relation in which these two 

 principles stand to each other, and in manifold and 

 very interesting illustrations drawn from a large field 

 of observation. 



Schopenhauer's main work was contemporary with the 

 writings of Hegel and with the latest important publi- 

 cation of Schelling, but it remained unknown and 

 neglected for nearly thirty years, though it impressed 

 a few minds of the first order as a unique and extra- 

 ordinary production. In one other important direction 

 Schopenhauer's dualistic system coincided with, and 

 assisted, the reaction which set in in the middle of 

 the century, emphasising those points which the purely 

 intellectual and logical systems had pushed into the 

 background. In all these systems the transition from 

 the abstract and unifying principle to the world of 

 many things and of individual beings remained the 

 great difficulty. Schopenhauer saw that this pointed 

 necessarily to the existence of more than one 

 principle. 

 47. The Will is indeed, in a general conception of the 



Dualism of . i i i i • 



Will and term, a unitmg principle in the world, but there is 



111^6 ii€Ct> 



on the other side a principle which works in the 

 opposite direction — the principle of individuation, — and 



