THE RATIONALE OF PHILOSOPHICAL THOUGHT. 787 



have, mainly under the influence of Darwinism, gathered 

 renewed strength and vastly extended outlook by similar 

 comprehensive methods. 



Secondly, this synoptic view has been nowhere more 

 fruitful than when applied to psychological research. 

 The view introduced by Locke and gradually developed 

 by Berkeley, Hume, and Kant, that all our knowledge 

 of the external world is made up of " ideas," now 

 more correctly termed " presentations," found a forcible 

 but extreme expression in an " Analysis of Sensations," 

 and led through criticism to the recognition that such 

 an analysis (including a subsequent synthesis) neglected 

 to search for the original connection, the " Together " 

 of these elements of cognition in consciousness. The 

 synoptic view is not content with an analysis and 

 synthesis of Sensations, but emphasises the continuum 

 of these sensations or presentations within consciousness, 

 and advances a step further by including in this con- 

 tinuum not only the sensational but also the emotional 

 and volitional elements. Together with the former they 

 cover the field of consciousness, forming the more or less 

 continuous background or firmament of the soul. 



This led, thirdly, to a comprehensive introspective 

 view of the totality of our world of cognition within the 

 all-embracing field of consciousness. The human mind 

 in its early years constructs, with the aid of other minds, 

 the well-ordered and sufficiently stable image of the outer 

 world, gaining through and in this a definite location for 

 its own self as well as an instrument for the specifically 

 intellectual and practical work of this life. 



And, lastly, the complex of original sensations or 



