OR, MANUAI, OF THE APIARY. 35 



Their eyes are simple, and they are without antennae. The 

 wee mites belong here. They have hardly any divisions to the 

 body. The mouth-parts form a mere portico. When first 

 hatched they have only six legs. The so-called red spider (red 

 mite), so destructive in the orchard, belongs here, as do also the 

 sugar, cheese, flour, and chicken mites. The ticks are but 

 colossal mites. Of these, the Texas Cattle Tick (Boophilus 

 bovis) causes the Texas fever in cattle. The cause of the 

 fever is a protozoan animal, Pyrosoma bigeminum. This is 

 in the blood of Texas cattle, but is harmless. Carried by the 

 tick to other cattle, it brings disease and death. The scorpions 

 are also Arachnids. One of these stings as does the bee, and 

 the sting is often quite venomous. The whip scorpion of 

 Florida is named from its caudal appendages. It is entirely 

 harmless. The Datames, which I call the " California bee- 

 killer" (Fig. 292), and which is described among the bee- 

 enemies, belongs here. Grandfather Graybeard also belongs 

 in the scorpion order. It is only useful in pointing the way to 

 lost cows, etc. Its legs point every way. The spiders are the 

 highest Arachnids. They differ from mites in possessing 

 two well-marked divisions of the body, and in always having 

 eight legs, and from the scorpions in never having the abdo- 

 men jointed. The spiders have a poisonous bite, but rarely 

 inflict injury to man. Their silk and spinning habits are 

 exceedingly interesting. Spiders are almost as marvelous in 

 their life history as are the bees. Like the Datames, to be 

 spoken of as a bee-enemy, spiders often kill our pets of the 

 hive. 



ORDER OF THE HONEY-BEE. 

 The honey-bee belongs to the order Hymenoptera (from two 

 Greek words meaning membrane and wing), which also in- 

 cludes the wasps, ants, ichneumon-flies, gall-flies, and saw- 

 flies. This group contains insects which possess a tongue by 

 which they may suck (Figs. 16 and 54), and strong jaws (Fig. 

 65) for biting. Thus, the bees can sip the honeyed sweets of 

 flowers, and also gnaw away mutilated comb. They have, 

 besides, four wings, and undergo complete transformations. 



There are among insects strange resemblances. Insects 

 of one order will show a marked likeness to those of another. 



