OR, MANUAL OF XHB APIARY. 71 



sug-gested that an unknown sense might exist in the antennae. 

 Reaumur, I^yonet, Bonnet, etc., thought this might be the 

 sense of smell. Dumeril, I^ehrmann, who said that a nerve 

 vessel and muscle entered the antennae, and Cuvier, etc., 

 thought the sense of smell was located in the spiracles or 

 breathing-mouths. Huber thought the organ of smell was 

 located in the mouth. Latreille and Newport, of the last cen- 

 tury, believed the antennae contained the organs of hearing. 

 Strauss-Durckheim located them in the spiracles, while Wolff 

 wrote a beautiful monograph to prove that the sense of smell 

 was situated in the hypo-pharynx beneath the labrum. Erich- 

 son, in 1848, discovered pits in the antennae— pori— covered 

 with a membrane (Fig. 19, p), which he thought organs of 

 smell. The next year Burmeister found hairs in these pits in 

 beetles, which varied according as the beetle ate plant-food or 

 carrion. 



I^eydig, in 1855, showed that Erichson was correct, that 

 there were pits also on the antenna and pegs (Fig. 19, />), or 

 tooth-like hairs, perforated at the end— olfactory teeth. It 

 remained for Hauser (1880) to complete the demonstration. 

 He experimented with insects by the use of carbolic acid, tur- 

 pentine, etc. He found that this greatly disturbed the insects 

 when their antennae were intact, and that even after he had 

 withdrawn the offensive substance the insect would continue 

 to rub its antennae as if to remove the disturbing odor— a sort 

 of holding its nose. He then cut off the antennae to find that 

 the insect was now insensible to the irritant. He next put 

 food before the insects, which was quickly found and appro- 

 priated ; but after the antennae were cut off the food was found 

 with difficulty, if at all. Experiment showed that in mating 

 the same was true. Insects often find their mates when to us 

 it would seem impossible. Thus, I have known hundreds of 

 male moths to enter a room by a small opening in a window, 

 attracted by a female within the room. I have also known 

 them to swarm outside a closed window lured by a female 

 within. Male insects have even been known to reach their 

 mates by entering a room through a stovepipe. Yet Hauser 

 found that this ability was gone with the loss of the antennae. 

 Kraepelin and others have since proved the correctness of 



