OR, MANUAI, OF THB APIARV. 105 



a pupa, are a little more than 1-16 of an inch lon^, slightly 

 curved, and rather smaller at the end of attachment to the 

 comb The outer membrane (Fig. 41) appears cellular when 

 magnified, and shows the micropyle at the larger end (Fig. 41, 

 ^, m). The possession of the ovaries and attendant organs is 

 the chief structural peculiarity which marks the queen, as 

 these are the characteristic marks of females among all ani- 

 mals. But she has other peculiarities worthy of mention : She 

 JS longer than either drones or workers, being more than 



Fig. 44. 



Diagram of Abdomen of y«e«t, from Cotoait. 



F Ovaries. 



-M Honey stomach. 



D Stomach. 



-R Rectum. 

 X fE.sophag^us. 

 .V s Sheath. 



S t Sting. 

 A Anus, 

 r Oviduct. 



seven-eighths of an inch in length, and with her long, tapering 

 abdomen, is not without real grace and beauty. The queen's 

 mouth organs are developed to a less degree than are those of 

 the worker-bees. Her jaws (Fig. 65, b) or mandibles are weaker, 

 with a rudimentary tooth, and her tongue or ligula (Fig. 42, a 

 and 49), as also the labial palpi (Fig. 42, t>, and 49) andmaxiHae.' 

 are considerably shorter. Of the four pairs of glands (Fig. 59) 

 so elegantly figured, and so well described by Schiemenz, the 

 queen has the first pair very rudimentary, and the others well 

 developed. The fourth pair, or Wolff's glands, are much larger 

 than in the worker-bees. Her eyes, though like, yet hardly 

 as large as the same in the worker-bee (Fig. 4), are smaller 



